This letter made a positive impression on Harmeric, and in the Vatican. Bernard later commented that Gerard was his most formidable opponent during the whole schism. [12] Bernard lobbied the prelates on the evening before the debate, swaying many of them to his view. [5] During the absence of the Bishop of Langres, Bernard was blessed as abbot by William of Champeaux, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne. Bernard of Clairvaux (Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 – 20 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was a Burgundian abbot, and a major leader in the revitalization of Benedictine monasticism through the nascent Order of Cistercians.. He turned away from his literary education, begun at the school at Châtillon-sur-Seine, and from ecclesiastical advancement, toward a life of renunciation and solitude. 1303-1373), Eugene III Pope (d. 1153), Benedict Saint, Abbot of Monte Cassino, Malachy Saint, Marie Sainte Vierge, Victor Saint, Confessor Aliases: Św. [3] In the year 1128, Bernard attended the Council of Troyes, at which he traced the outlines of the Rule of the Knights Templar,[a] which soon became the ideal of Christian nobility. €94 He takes his name from a monastery he founded … In 1139, Bernard assisted at the Second Council of the Lateran. [12] The council found in favour of Bernard and their judgment was confirmed by the pope. The archbishop of Cologne and the archbishop of Mainz were vehemently opposed to these attacks and asked Bernard to denounce them. Bernard had a great taste for literature and devoted himself for some time to poetry. Bernard de Clairvaux: Sermons Divers. Conrad III and his son Henry died the same year. Leclercq"S, . Returning to Molesme, he left the government of the new abbey to Alberic of Cîteaux, who died in the year 1109. Deus vult! " Latin text by J. L eclercq, H. R ochais, and C h. H. T albot. Having previously helped end the schism within the church, Bernard was now called upon to combat heresy. After that, Bernard spent most of his time in Italy persuading the Italians to pledge allegiance to Innocent. Updates? At his death, they numbered 343. Amour sacré, fin’amor: Bernard de Clairvaux et les troubadours.Philosophes médiévaux 60. Around this time, he praised them in his Liber ad milites templi de laude novae militiae. Alert. This action gave rise to a quarrel between the White Monks and the Black Monks which lasted 20 years. Bernard was only nineteen years of age when his mother died. He defended the rights of the Church against the encroachments of kings and princes, and recalled to their duty Henry Archbishop of Sens , and Stephen de Senlis, Bishop of Paris . Abelard sought a debate with Bernard, but Bernard initially declined, saying he did not feel matters of such importance should be settled by logical analyses. It is said that his mother, Aleth, exerted a virtuous influence upon Bernard only second to what St. Monica had done for St. Augustine of Hippo in the 5th century. As in the olden scene, the cry "Deus vult! Pope Benedict XVI. Bernard z Clairvaux, Saint Bernard de Clairvaux, ברנר מקלרבו, ברנרד מקלרבו, ברנר מקלרוו, 베르나르두스, 클레르보의 베르나르도, 클레르보의 성 베르나르도, 클레르보의 베르나르두스, San Bernardo de Claraval, Bernardo de Fontaine, Bernardo, San Bernardo di … Abelard's treatise on the Trinity had been condemned as heretical in 1121, and he was compelled to throw his own book into the fire. [12] Bernard then denounced Abelard to the pope and cardinals of the Curia. He wanted to excel in literature in order to take up the study of the Bible. Bernard went again to Italy, where Roger II of Sicily was endeavouring to withdraw the Pisans from their allegiance to Innocent. By Sr. JosephMary f.t.i. He wrote at this time his sermons on the Song of Songs. [17] Pope Eugenius came in person to France to encourage the enterprise. [15] Henry of Lausanne's followers became known as Henricians. Bernard sought the counsel of the abbot of Cîteaux, St. Stephen Harding, and decided to enter this struggling small new community that had been established by St. Robert of Molesme in 1098 as an effort to restore Benedictinism to a more primitive and austere pattern of life. From the beginning of the year 1153, Bernard felt his death approaching. Bernard invited William to the Mass which he celebrated in the Church of La Couldre. King Louis VI of France convened a national council of the French bishops at Étampes in 1130, and Bernard was chosen to judge between the rivals for pope. Bernard of Clairvaux (French saint, Cistercian abbot, and writer, 1090-1153) Encyclopedia Americana, 1970 v. 3, p. 606 (Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, 1090-1153) Incipit Speculu[m] b[ea]ti Bernhardi abbatis de honestate vite, ca. Though not yet 30 years old, Bernard was listened to with the greatest attention and respect, especially when he developed his thoughts upon the revival of the primitive spirit of regularity and fervour in all the monastic orders. Malachy wanted to become a Cistercian, but the pope would not give his permission. "[27], Bernard's theology and Mariology continue to be of major importance, particularly within the Cistercian and Trappist orders. He could claim a form of higher knowledge that is the complement and fruition of faith and that reaches completion in prayer and contemplation. Christians had been defeated at the Siege of Edessa and most of the county had fallen into the hands of the Seljuk Turks. Towards the end of 1134, he made a second journey into Aquitaine, where William X had relapsed into schism. [9], Again reproaches arose against Bernard and he was denounced, even in Rome. Overview of France's Clairvaux Abbey, with a discussion of the Cistercian order. Bernard died at age sixty-three on 20 August 1153, after forty years spent in the cloister. The last years of Bernard's life were saddened by the failure of the Second Crusade he had preached, the entire responsibility for which was thrown upon him. Bernard had observed that when lectio divina was neglected monasticism suffered. Bernard was the third of seven children, six of whom were sons. The zeal of Bernard extended to the bishops, the clergy, and lay people. [13] Bernard considered it his duty to send an apology to the Pope and it is inserted in the second part of his "Book of Considerations." Bernard soon saw one of his disciples elected Pope Eugene III. [8] In 1118 Trois-Fontaines Abbey was founded in the diocese of Châlons; in 1119 Fontenay Abbey in the Diocese of Autun; and in 1121 Foigny Abbey near Vervins, in the diocese of Laon. A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation, Liber ad milites templi de laude novae militiae, representing the combined will of earth and heaven, https://books.google.com/books?id=kkoJAQAAIAAJ, List of Latin nicknames of the Middle Ages: Doctors in theology, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, patron saint archive, "Monuments historiques : Couvent et Basilique Saint-Bernard", "Sermon XIII: The Believers Concern, to pray for Faith", Audio on the life of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, Database with all known medieval representations of Bernard, "Here Followeth the Life of St. Bernard, the Mellifluous Doctor", "Two Accounts of the Early Career of St. Bernard", Saint Bernard of Clairvaux Abbot, Doctor of the Church-1153, Lewis E 26 De consideratione (On Consideration) at OPenn, MS 484/11 Super cantica canticorum at OPenn, Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Rise of the Evangelical Church in Latin America, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard_of_Clairvaux&oldid=996407825, Pre-Reformation saints of the Lutheran liturgical calendar, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 12:18. Abelard submitted without resistance, and he retired to Cluny to live under the protection of Peter the Venerable, where he died two years later. To many, St. Bernard is known as the Mellifluous … Bernard of Clairvaux, saint, ascetic, founder of numerous abbeys and crusade preacher, was a powerful man of the Church and a 12th century trailblazer. Bernard of Clairvaux quotes Pope Honorius delegated Bernard to preach throughout France and Germany the renewal of the holy war. At the age of nine, he was sent to a school at Châtillon-sur-Seine run by the secular canons of Saint-Vorles. [5], Bernard had occupied himself in sending bands of monks from his overcrowded monastery into Germany, Sweden, England, Ireland, Portugal, Switzerland, and Italy. Deputations of the bishops of Armenia solicited aid from the pope, and the King of France also sent ambassadors. St. Bernard of Clairvaux (feast day is August 20th) Bernard of Clairvaux (Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 - 20 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was a Burgundian abbot, and a major leader in the revitalization of Benedictine monasticism through the nascent Order of Cistercians.. His texts are prescribed readings in Cistercian congregations. [4], In 1139, Bernard assisted at the Second Council of the Lateran, in which the surviving adherents of the schism were definitively condemned. from the translation of the late dr. eales. (Of Mary, never enough!) He recalled the city of Milan to obedience to the pope as they had followed the deposed Anselm V, Archbishop of Milan. Born of Burgundian landowning aristocracy, Bernard grew up in a family of five brothers and one sister. Hasten to appease the anger of heaven, but no longer implore its goodness by vain complaints. [10], In 1132, Bernard accompanied Innocent II into Italy, and at Cluny the pope abolished the dues which Clairvaux used to pay to that abbey. He then went to Aquitaine where he succeeded for the time in detaching William X, Duke of Aquitaine, from the cause of Anacletus.[5]. Germany had decided to support Innocent through Norbert of Xanten, who was a friend of Bernard's. [31], The Couvent et Basilique Saint-Bernard, a collection of buildings dating from the 12th, 17th and 19th centuries, is dedicated to Bernard and stands in his birthplace of Fontaine-lès-Dijon.[32]. According to tradition, Bernard founded the monastery on 25 June 1115, naming it Claire Vallée, which evolved into Clairvaux. There is perhaps no better way to enjoy Cloisters of the Monastery of Saint Bernard de Clairvaux than by booking a nearby Cloisters of the Monastery of Saint Bernard de Clairvaux hotel! It contains the rules and laws for life within their chivalric military order. Bernard struggled and learned to live with the inevitable tension created by his desire to serve others in charity through obedience and his desire to cultivate his inner life by remaining in his monastic enclosure. On 31 March, with King Louis VII of France present, he preached to an enormous crowd in a field at Vézelay, making "the speech of his life". Innocent II, having been banished from Rome by Anacletus, took refuge in France. [4], Towards the close of the 11th century, a spirit of independence flourished within schools of philosophy and theology. He preached at the Council of Vézelay (1146) to recruit for the Second Crusade. http://www.continents-interieurs.info/Michel-Cazenave/Bernard-de-Clairvaux He entered the Cîteaux community in 1112, and from then until 1115 he cultivated his spiritual and theological studies. Bernard answered the letter by saying that, if he had assisted at the council, it was because he had been dragged to it by force, replying: Now illustrious Harmeric if you so wished, who would have been more capable of freeing me from the necessity of assisting at the council than yourself? [b] In 1137, he was again forced to leave his solitude by order of the pope to put an end to the quarrel between Lothair and Roger of Sicily. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [7] Bernard's testimony was so irresistible that 30 of his friends, brothers, and relatives followed him into the monastic life. After persuading Gerard, Bernard traveled to visit William X, Duke of Aquitaine. [4], In the year 1128 AD, Bernard participated in the Council of Troyes, which had been convoked by Pope Honorius II, and was presided over by Cardinal Matthew of Albano. St. Bernard of Clairvaux is clearly one of the greatest preachers of all time. The familial atmosphere engendered in him a deep respect for mercy, justice, and loyal affection for others. [4], The beginnings of Clairvaux Abbey were trying and painful. It was here that his first writings evolved. Religious even of the other orders, flocked there. From that moment a strong friendship sprang up between the abbot and the bishop, who was professor of theology at Notre Dame of Paris, and the founder of the Abbey of St. Victor, Paris. [6] In 1113 Stephen Harding had just succeeded Alberic as third Abbot of Cîteaux when Bernard and thirty other young noblemen of Burgundy sought admission into the monastery. and the english monasteries” “the great … Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153) was a French abbot, confessor, saint, and Doctor of the Church. In 1144 Eugene III commissioned Bernard to preach the Second Crusade[6] and granted the same indulgences for it which Pope Urban II had accorded to the First Crusade. [6], The little community of reformed Benedictines at Cîteaux, which had so profound an influence on Western monasticism, grew rapidly.
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